•  
  •  
 

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Ke QI, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation andResearch Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinaFollow
Jiaojun ZHU, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation andResearch Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, ChinaFollow
Dexiong TENG, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation andResearch Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Xiao ZHENG, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Qingyuan Forest CERN National Observation andResearch Station, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
Huaiqing ZHANG, Research Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Keywords

composite systems, harmony of composite systems, coordination degree of composite systems, coordination management of composite systems

Document Type

Policy & Management Research

Abstract

A composite system (CS) is an organic whole composed of multiple subsystems. It has the property of operating in a coordinated manner through the interconnection and interaction between its subsystems, which could be evaluated by the indicator of coordination degree of composite systems (CDoCS). However, there is currently a lack of quantitative methods for CDoCS and the CDoCS-based technology for composite system optimization. As a result, there is a lack of effective solutions to the problems caused by the disharmony of composite systems such as the mountain-water-forest-farm-lake-grass-sand systems (i.e., composite ecosystems) and the social-economic-natural systems. Therefore, the connotation of CDoCS within the system (goal, structure, function coordination) and outside the system (management and intra-external coordination) was expounded in this study. Then, the quantitative method and the mechanism model of CDoCS were proposed. A methodology framework for the coordination management of composite systems was established and illustrated with an example. The research results provide a theoretical basis for achieving the systematic management of the mountain-water-forest-farm-lake-grass-sand composite systems and promoting the coordination and sustainable development of the social-economic-natural composite systems.

First page

1982

Last Page

1992

Language

Chinese

Publisher

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

References

1. 於崇文. 固体地球系统的复杂性与自组织临界性. 高校地质学报, 1998, 4(4): 361-368. Yu C W. Complexity and self-organized criticality of solid earth system. Geological Journal of China Universities, 1998, 4(4): 361-368. (in Chinese)

2. Holling C S. Understanding the complexity of economic, ecological, and social systems. Ecosystems, 2001, 4: 390-405.

3. 白华, 韩文秀. 复合系统及其协调的一般理论. 运筹与管理, 2000, 9(3): 1-7. Bai H, Han X W. General theories about complex systems and their coordination. Operations Research and Management Science, 2000, 9(3): 1-7. (in Chinese)

4. Hutt A, Haken H. Synergetics. New York: Springer, 2020.

5. Mesarovie M D. Views on General System Theroy. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, 1964.

6. von Bertalanffy L, Sutherland J W. General systems theory: Foundations, developments, applications. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1974, SMC-4(6): 592.

7. 马世骏, 王如松. 社会-经济-自然复合生态系统. 生态学报, 1984, 4(1): 1-9. Ma S J, Wang R S. The social-economic-natural complex system. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 1984, 4(1): 1-9. (in Chinese)

8. 王如松, 欧阳志云. 社会-经济-自然复合生态系统与可持续发展. 中国科学院院刊, 2012, 27(3): 337-345. Wang R S, Ouyang Z Y. Social-economic-natural complex ecosystem and sustainability. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2012, 27(3): 337-345. (in Chinese)

9. 张佳宝, 孙波, 朱教君, 等. 黑土地保护利用与山水林田湖草沙系统的协调及生态屏障建设战略. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(10): 1155-1164. Zhang J B, Sun B, Zhu J J, et al. Black soil protection and utilization based on harmonization of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystems and strategic construction of ecological barrier. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(10): 1155-1164. (in Chinese)

10. 王家耀, 谢明霞. 地理国情与复杂系统. 测绘学报, 2016, 45(1): 1-8. Wang J Y, Xie M X. Geographical national condition and complex system. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2016, 45(1): 1-8. (in Chinese)

11. 李彦平, 刘大海, 罗添. 国土空间规划中陆海统筹的内在逻辑和深化方向——基于复合系统论视角. 地理研究, 2021, 40(7): 1902-1916. Li Y P, Liu D H, Luo T. The internal logic and developing direction of land-sea coordination in land space planning: From the perspective of complex system theory. Geographical Research, 2021, 40(7): 1902-1916. (in Chinese)

12. 陈彦光. 自组织与自组织城市. 城市规划, 2003, 27(10): 17-22. Chen Y G. Self-organization and self-organizing cities. City Planning Review, 2003, 27(10): 17-22. (in Chinese)

13. 胡彪, 张旭东, 程达, 等. 京津冀地区城市化效率与生态效率时空耦合关系研究. 干旱区资源与环境, 2017, 31(8): 56-62. Hu B, Zhang X D, Cheng D, et al. Spatial-temporal coupling relationship between urbanization efficiency and ecological efficiency in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2017, 31(8): 56-62. (in Chinese)

14. 常文娟, 梁忠民, 冯晓晶. 调水工程对区域产业用水系统协调性影响研究. 南水北调与水利科技, 2011, 9(5): 19-22. Chang W J, Liang Z M, Feng X J. Impact of basin water transfer project on the coordination of regional industrial water use system. South-to-North Water Diversion and Water Science & Technology, 2011, 9(5): 19-22. (in Chinese)

15. 刘耀彬, 李仁东, 宋学锋. 中国区域城市化与生态环境耦合的关联分析. 地理学报, 2005, (2): 237-247. Liu Y B, Li R D, Song X F. Grey associative analysis of regional urbanization and eco-environment coupling in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2005, (2): 237-247. (in Chinese)

16. 张慧利, 蔡洁, 夏显力. 水土流失治理效益与生态农业发展的耦合协调性分析. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(8): 162-169. Zhang H L, Cai J, Xia X L. Coupling coordinative degree analysis on benefit of water and soil erosion control and development of ecological agriculture. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2018, 34(8): 162-169. (in Chinese)

17. 刘琳轲, 梁流涛, 高攀, 等. 黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的耦合关系及交互响应. 自然资源学报, 2021, 36(1): 176-195. Liu L K, Liang L T, Gao P, et al. Coupling relationship and interactive response between ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. Journal of Natural Resources, 2021, 36(1): 176-195. (in Chinese)

18. 王成, 唐宁. 重庆市乡村三生空间功能耦合协调的时空特征与格局演化. 地理研究, 2018, 37(6): 1100-1114. Wang C, Tang N. Spatio-temporal characteristics and evolution of rural production-living-ecological space function coupling coordination in Chongqing Municipality. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(6): 1100-1114. (in Chinese)

19. 熊建新, 陈端吕, 彭保发, 等. 洞庭湖区生态承载力系统耦合协调度时空分异. 地理科学, 2014, 34(9): 1108-1116. Xiong J X, Chen D L, Peng B F, et al. Spatio-temporal difference of coupling coordinative degree of ecological carrying capacity in the Dongting Lake Region. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014, 34(9): 1108-1116. (in Chinese)

20. Hunt H H, Baker K, Lettow M C, et al. Strategic land conservation: An applied, multi‐target approach to prioritization of resilient sites for protection. Conservation Science and Practice, 2024, 6(8): e13192.

21. Zhou G J, Gao J X, Zhang R Q, et al. A new perspective for enhancing social and ecological systems coordination in ecological restoration. Ecological Processes, 2025, 14(1): 20.

22. 廖重斌. 环境与经济协调发展的定量评判及其分类体系——以珠江三角洲城市群为例. 热带地理, 1999, 19(2): 171-177. Liao C B. Quantitative judgement and classification system for coordinated development of environment and economy——A case study of the city group in the Pearl River Delta. Tropical Geography, 1999, 19(2): 171-177. (in Chinese)

23. 刘杨. 黑龙江省水资源—经济—社会复合系统协调度研究. 哈尔滨: 东北农业大学, 2017. Liu Yang. Study on the Coordination Degree of Composite System of Water-economic-society in Heilongjiang Province. Harbin: Northeast Agricultural University, 2017.

24. 孙立成. 区域食物—能源—经济—环境—人口（FEEEP）系统协调发展研究. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2009. Sun L C. Research on the Coordinated Development of Regional FEEEP System. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009.

25. Meehan M C. General system theory: Foundations, development, applications. JAMA, 1969, 208: 870.

26. 钱学森. 论宏观建筑与微观建筑. 杭州: 杭州出版社, 2001. Qian X S. On Macro-Architecture and Micro-Architecture. Hangzhou: Hangzhou Publishing Group, 2001. (in Chinese)

27. 刘若庄, 马本堃. 非平衡系统中的自组织现象——“耗散结构”的理论与应用简介. 物理, 1979, 8(5): 449-455. Liu R Z, Ma B K. Self-organizational phenomena within non-equilibrium systems — An introduction to the theory and applications of “Dissipative Structures”, Physics, 1979, 8(5): 449-455. (in Chinese)

28. Malone T W, Crowston K. The interdisciplinary study of coordination. ACM Computing Surveys, 1994, 26(1): 87-119.

29. 蒋建生, 任继周, 蒋文兰. 草地农业生态系统的自组织特性. 草业学报, 2002, 11(2): 1-6. Jiang J S, Ren J Z, Jiang W L. The self-organizational characteristics of grassland-agriculture ecosystem. Acta Pratacultural Science, 2002, 11(2): 1-6. (in Chinese)

30. 高吉喜. 区域生态学基本理论探索. 中国环境科学, 2013, 33(7): 1252-1262. Gao J X. The basic theoretical exploration of regional ecology. China Environmental Science, 2013, 33(7): 1252-1262. (in Chinese)

31. Zheng X, Zhu J J, Wang G G, et al. Assessing the ecological effects of the World’s Largest Forestry Eco-engineering: Three-North Protective Forest Program within the initially scheduled range from 1978 to 2022. Science China Life Sciences, 2025, 68: 314-327.

32. 王如松, 欧阳志云. 对我国生态安全的若干科学思考. 中国科学院院刊, 2007, 22(3): 223-229. Wang R S, Ouyang Z Y. Some considerations with scientific views on ecological security in China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2007, 22(3): 223-229. (in Chinese)

Download
Request a Copy

Share

COinS