•  
  •  
 

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Keywords

black soil, protective utilization, technical framework, suitability assessment, innovative approaches

Document Type

S & T and Society

Abstract

Black soil represents a high-quality and scarce arable land resource, serving as a critical foundation for ensuring food security in China. However, prolonged development and utilization have resulted in varying degrees of degradation of black soil in Northeast China, directly affecting national food security and ecological stability. Since 2015, China has initiated and progressively intensified efforts in black soil protection. Technical models such as the “Lishu Model” and the “Longjiang Model” have been developed, demonstrated, and promoted, leading to increasingly significant conservation outcomes. Nevertheless, current technical models for black soil protection face dual challenges: unclear suitability boundaries and difficulties in large-scale implementation. To address these issues, this study constructs a comprehensive evaluation framework for model suitability based on four-dimensional collaboration among technology, society, economy, and ecology. Additionally, it proposes a demonstration and promotion mechanism involving collaborative participation from government, research institutions, business entities, and market stakeholders. The study further analyzes future development directions and prospects, aiming to provide innovative strategies for national food security, ecological environment protection, and rural revitalization during the “15th Five-Year Plan” period. These findings also offer practical insights into the green transformation of agriculture and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

First page

2049

Last Page

2060

Language

Chinese

Publisher

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

References

1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Global Status of Black Soils. Rome: FAO, 2022.

2. Wang C, Sun H F, Zhang X X, et al. Effects of conservation tillage practices on rice yields and greenhouse gas emissions: Results from a 10-year in situ experiment. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 2025, 381: 109474.

3. Li Y S, Guo L J, Wu M Q, et al. Effects of long-term conservation tillage on soil aggregate carbon fractions and microbial characteristics under rice-oilseed rape rotation systems. Applied Soil Ecology, 2025, 206: 105848.

4. Xing S K, Zhang G H, Zhang N, et al. How straw return approaches affect runoff and sediment in croplands of different degradation degrees in the black soil region of China. Journal of Hydrology, 2025, 653: 132786.

5. 敖曼, 张旭东, 关义新. 东北黑土保护性耕作技术的研究与实践. 中国科学院院刊, 2021, 36(10): 1203-1215. Ao M, Zhang X D, Guan Y X. Research and practice of conservation tillage in black soil region of Northeast China. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2021, 36(10): 1203-1215. (in Chinese)

6. 李文欢, 王桂霞. 社会资本、技术认知对黑土区农户保护性耕作技术采纳行为的影响. 中国生态农业学报（中英文）, 2022, 30(10): 1675-1686. Li W H, Wang G X. Effects of social capital and technology cognition on farmers’ adoption of conservation tillage in black soil areas. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2022, 30(10): 1675-1686. (in Chinese)

7. Yang J, He J H, Jia L, et al. Integrating metagenomics and metabolomics to study the response of microbiota in black soil degradation. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 899: 165486.

8. 杜国明, 姚鑫, 臧雷振. 东北黑土区耕作制度演变及其影响因素. 中国生态农业学报（中英文）, 2025, 33(4): 646-655. Du G M, Yao X, Zang L Z. Evolution of farming system and its influencing factors in the black soil region of Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2025, 33(4): 646-655. (in Chinese)

9. Liu S K, Wu B Y, Niu B, et al. Regional suitability assessment for different tillage practices in Northeast China: A machine learning aided meta-analysis. Soil and Tillage Research, 2024, 240: 106094.

10. 高雅丽. 中科院与黑龙江省签署“黑土粮仓”科技会战框架协议. 中国科学报, 2021-07-12(001). Gao Y L. The Chinese Academy of Sciences and Heilongjiang Province sign framework agreement on science and technology campaign for “Granary of Black Soil”. China Science Daily, 2021-07-12(001). (in Chinese)

11. 张娜丽, 澹腾辉, 郭忠录, 等. 东北黑土带典型农田土壤质量退化评价. 水土保持研究, 2025, 32(3): 130-139. Zhang N L, Tan T H, Guo Z L, et al. Soil quality degradation evaluation of typical farmland in the black soil belt of Northeast China. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2025, 32(3): 130-139. (in Chinese)

12. Liu S Y, Fan R Q, Yang X M, et al. Decomposition of maize stover varies with maize type and stover management strategies: A microcosm study on a Black soil (Mollisol) in Northeast China. Journal of Environmental Management, 2019, 234: 226-236.

13. 朱张羽, 方华军, 沈菊培, 等. 东北典型黑土区土壤有机碳结构特征及其影响因素. 生态学报, 2024, 44(21): 9815-9825. Zhu Z Y, Fang H J, Shen J P, et al. Characteristics of soil organic carbon structure in the black soil region in Northeast China and its influencing factors. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2024, 44(21): 9815-9825. (in Chinese)

14. 田芷源, 卢慧中, 马瑞, 等. 东北黑土区耕地侵蚀退化空间分异特征. (2024-10-23). https://hfggab0461aaf3bb24cdbsouvb55bxxxub6u9ufhaz.libproxy.ruc.edu.cn/urlid/32.1119.P.20241022.1655.002. Tian Z Y, Lu H Z, Ma R, et al. Spatial differentiation characteristics of soil erosion and degradation in black soil cropland of Northeast China. (2024-10-23). https://hfggab0461aaf3bb24cdbsouvb55bxxxub6u9ufhaz.libproxy.ruc.edu.cn/urlid/32.1119.P.20241022.1655.002.(in Chinese)

15. 杨肖丽, 马豪壹, 张瑞龙. 农户土壤质量认知与施肥行为研究——以辽宁省北镇市葡萄种植户为例. 土壤通报, 2022, 53(2): 290-300. Yang X L, Ma H Y, Zhang R L. Soil quality cognition and fertilization behavior of farmers—Based on the survey of grape planters in Beizhen, Liaoning Province. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2022, 53(2): 290-300. (in Chinese)

16. Batas M A A, Flor R J, Khumairoh U, et al. Understanding smallholder farmers’ perceptions of agroecology. NPJ Sustainable Agriculture, 2025, 3: 13.

17. Liu S K, Wu B Y, Niu B, et al. Regional suitability assessment for different tillage practices in Northeast China: A machine learning aided meta-analysis. Soil and Tillage Research, 2024, 240: 106094.

18. 蒋发辉, 钱泳其, 郭自春, 等. 基于Meta分析评价东北黑土地保护性耕作与深耕的区域适宜性: 以作物产量为例. 土壤学报, 2022, 59(4): 935-952. Jiang F H, Qian Y Q, Guo Z C, et al. Evaluating the regional suitability of conservation tillage and deep tillage based on crop yield in the black soil of Northeast China: A meta-analysis. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2022, 59(4): 935-952. (in Chinese)

19. Shimizu T, Kikuchi Y. Regional suitability for energy carriers in Japan considering socioeconomic conditions and environmental performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2021, 318: 128461.

20. 张杭杭, 邢颖, 乐立. 城乡建设用地增减挂钩拆旧建新区域适宜性评价研究——以贵州省都匀市为例. 国土与自然资源研究, 2015, (4): 42-45. Zhang H H, Xing Y, Le L. A research on the regional suitability evaluation of demolitionand reconstruction based on the increase and decrease in the urban and rural construction land—Taking Duyun, Guizhou as an example. Territory & Natural Resources Study, 2015, (4): 42-45. (in Chinese)

21. 马丽. 新时期农户种粮积极性及其影响因素——基于黑豫鲁晋四省农户调研数据的实证分析. 农业经济与管理, 2021, (5): 94-108. Ma L. Current situation and influencing factors of farmers’ enthusiasms in growing grain in new period—Empirical analysis based on survey data of farmers of four provinces of Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong and Shanxi. Agricultural Economics and Management, 2021, (5): 94-108. (in Chinese)

22. 牛子昂, 唐子涵, 吕晓. 央地协同视域下中国黑土地保护政策实践与提升策略. 农场经济管理, 2025, (2): 11-14. Niu Z A, Tang Z H, Lv X. Policy practices and improvement strategies for Black Soil conservation in China from the perspective of central-local collaboration. Farm Economic Management, 2025, (2): 11-14. (in Chinese)

23. 韩洪云, 杨增旭. 农户农业面源污染治理政策接受意愿的实证分析——以陕西眉县为例.中国农村经济, 2010, (1): 45-52. Han H Y, Yang Z X. An Empirical analysis of farmers’ willingness to accept agricultural non-point source pollution control policies: A case study of Meixian County, Shaanxi Province. Chinese Rural Economy, 2010, (1): 45-52. (in Chinese)

24. 张银平, 王振伟, 刁培松, 等. 生态沃土机械化耕作对两熟区土壤理化特性的短期影响. 农业机械学报, 2018, 49(12): 45-55. Zhang Y P, Wang Z W, Diao P S, et al. Short-term effects of mechanical and ecological tillage pattern on physical and chemical characteristics of soil in arid area. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2018, 49(12): 45-55. (in Chinese)

25. 廖晓勇, 姚启星, 万小铭, 等. 黑土粮仓全域定制模式的理论基础与技术路径. 地理学报, 2022, 77(7): 1634-1649. Liao X Y, Yao Q X, Wan X M, et al. Theoretical basis and technical path of the regional all-for-one customization model of black soil granary. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2022, 77(7): 1634-1649. (in Chinese)

26. 杨一单, 姚成胜, 刘伟芳. 中国粮食安全系统转型的时空特征及驱动因素. 地理学报, 2024, 79(9): 2372-2388. Yang Y D, Yao C S, Liu W F. Spatio-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of food security system transformation in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2024, 79(9): 2372-2388. (in Chinese)

27. 刘武仁, 郑金玉, 罗洋, 等. 东北黑土区玉米保护性耕作技术模式研究. 玉米科学, 2007, 15(6): 86-88. Liu W R, Zheng J Y, Luo Y, et al. Study on technique model of conservative tillage in maize in north-east of China. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2007, 15(6): 86-88. (in Chinese)

Download
Request a Copy

Share

COinS