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Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Keywords

theory and technique innovation in soil science; huanghuaihai plain; soil fertility; improvement of medium-and low-yield field; high-yield crop production technique

Document Type

Article

Abstract

The Huanghuaihai Plain is one of the three greatest plains in China, and occupies an irreplaceable strategic position in the national food security and national economic development. Huanghuaihai Plain is mainly alluvial by the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Haihe River, and was confronted with the problems of drought, flood, salinity, sand drift, and other obstacles in agricultural production. In order to solve above problems, the research team led by academician Xiong Yi in the Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), set up the research base in Fengqiu County, Henan Province in 1963, and created a core technology for minimizing salinity in saline soil, which was known as "well irrigation and well drainage". In the early 1980s, the new research team, which primarily consisted of the scientists in the Institute of Soil Science, CAS, again gathered in Fengqiu County, Henan Province, to carry out the treatment of drought and flood barriers and to improve soil fertility. During that time, the Fengqiu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station was established by the Institute of Soil Sciences, CAS. Since then, especially in the past decade, scientists have made series of research progresses in soil science and crop production under the financial support by the Ministry of Science and Technology, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Agriculture, and CAS. The formation mechanism of soil obstacles and evolution process of soil quality were revealed. The turnover and accumulation characteristics of soil organic matter and formation of soil structure were evaluated. The countermeasures for improving medium-and low-yield farmlands were put forward. Meanwhile, a new generation of controlling techniques for increasing soil fertility and improving medium-and low-yield fields were developed, aiming at the settlement of thorny problems. These techniques were demonstrated and extended in 0.97 million ha of medium-and low-yield fields, with the tremendous benefits in grain production increase. In cooperation with local governments and enterprises, the standardization cultivation techniques of authentic honeysuckle and raspberry or blackberry were developed, and the combination mode of "enterprises plus scientists plus research base plus farmers" was created, which drastically increased profits of both enterprises and farmers. In summary, scientists in the Fengqiu Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, CAS, has made great contribution to the construction of national food security system and local economic development in the past three decades.

First page

1401

Last Page

1408

Language

Chinese

Publisher

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences

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